Artificial stone.



cuss REFERENBE Emir COATING 0R PLASTC 9 8 sarcasm Patented June 30,1909 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSHUA A. BELL AND LYNN T. LEET, OF MONTREAL, CANADA, ASSIGNORS TO COMPOSITE STONE AND BRICK COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

ARTIFICIAL s'rous.

:PEOIFIOA'HON forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,674, June 80, 1903.

Application 'sna amine 10,1902. 861111 No. moan. (No lpeclmensJ r l I liquid into said chamber .to cover or flood the Be it known that we, JOSHUA A. BELL and articles. The article's remain covered by the LYNN T. LEET, citizens of Canada, residing at liquid for a period of half an hour to an hour, Montreal, Canada, have invented a new and when the flooding liquid is run out of the useful Improvement in Artificial Stone, of chamber, after which steam is again ad mi tt ed 55 which the following is a specification. and the steam indur'sii16r'fi"" (gmnpieted this This invention relates to the manufacture second perio o s eam 1n uration asting of steam-induratgd stone, and is specially defrom two to fifteen hours. After the steamsigned to produce additional hardness in the induration the articles are removed from the material of such stone, which may be used for ind mating-chamber. As thus prepared the 6c brick or other structural or ornamental purarticles will immediately be found to be quite poses. hard, the hardness increasing for a consider- One of the most common forms of artificial able time. a L, stone is Pogtlagdcement mixed with sand and In the above composition for sand may be rw 15 :water was or without siak e d li npg."'1'fi this substituted ground sla or other hard simi- .6

niixture the proportioiis are generally one lar material. The final steamindqration may part of Portland cement to two parts of sand also be dispensed with. In such a case the and sometimes three parts of sand. It has amasssnersaturano'n with water or solubeen found that by making the mixture of tion of indur'ating liquid are simply died. to sand and Portland cement and steam-indu- Further, the saturation of the articles with 7' I 131.jpg the mixturethe percentag'df Portland water or indurating liquid, either by subcement may be considerably diminished. By mersion or spraying, is much prolonged; but such treatment an artificial stone may be even then it takes such a long time for the made consisting of one part of Portland cearticles to attain the requisite hardness that :5 ment and four parts of sand. We have disthis modification or abbreviation of the proc- 7 covered that by agtiystafm indurating such ess is only useful where a sufficient time is a mixture and t en saturating it with water available in the manufacture. and then com lgtipmj'efsteani" 'induration We have also discovered that by replacing the produc W1 set very much faster, become a portion of the hydraulic cement with lime 3o harder, and the time of steam induration be the percentage of hydraulic cement may not 8 diminished. Tomakesuch a mixture, sand only be very materially decreased, but the and Portland cement are intimately mixe product will become harder and the cost will enoug 5 water or some binding li uid contai n be much reduced. In making this composiing s licate of soda, sodium ch oi'id, E drotion we use from one per cent. to ten per cent. 3'5'ohlor 0 ac d, or other Binding agent eing of h draulic cement, with from one per cent. added in quantity sufiicient to make the mix to four per cent. of lime with the sand. To ture capable of being formed in amold. The. this mixture may be added some aq'd'i'tional solid ones of these ingredients may also be binding agent-such as sodium chlori siliadded in a pulverulent form, after which-the cate of soda,h drochloric acid, an alum p wn o mixture is moistened with wat in the usual salt, 35 c.-this additional Binding agent be- ,way, so as to become capa e or forming in a mg added in the f of a owder, in the mold. The mixture is then molded after form of a solutiong i t may lied in a which it is steam-indurated fmim vaporizedm'in e iudurating-chamber, from two to six hours, at about one hundred accor ing as is found convenient or practi- 5 and twenty pounds res s ure or more. The cable. After theingredientshavebeen mixed articles are then sa urated with water fja the procedure is the same as that which has solution of sope r ndt rat ngliqi ifi 'Thls is just been described. done either by spraying or lay-immersion, the With the ingredients in the compositions latter preferably, without removal from the thus described a suitable mineral coloring 5e indurating-chambcr by introducing enough material may be added.

To (all whom it may concern:

For some purposes, such as the manufacture of face-bricks, we find it of advantage to grind the dry ingredients into an impalpable powder before adding a liquid constituent. p

In place of covering the articles with water or an indurat-ing liquid after they have been partially steam-indurated the water or the liquid may be applied in the form of a spra gthqnqughly saturate the articles, sd'aitg make them ready Tor the second and final period of steam induration.

When ime is used, it will be found of advantage to tn-slake it in the same chamber in which the steam induration is efiected. In such a case the'umsts'mseed in a receptacle located above the point where the water or indurating liquid reaches in covering or flooding the partly-steam-indurated articles.

What we claim as new is- 1. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredients, adding a liquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steamindurating the same, saturating them with water, removing the water, and then completing the steam induration.

2. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredients, adding a liquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steamindurating the same, covering them with water, removing the'water, and then completlng the steam induration.

3. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredients, grinding them into an impalpable powder, adding a liquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the'same, saturating them with a liquid, and then completing the steam induration.

4. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredients, adding a liquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steamindurating the same, covering them with a liquid, removing the liquid, and completing the steam induration.

5. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partiallyst'eam-indurating the same, saturating them with water and then completing the steam induration.

6. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, slaked lime and hydraulic cement, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-iudu rating the same, saturating them with water, and then completing the steam induration.

7. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, slaked lime and hydraulic cement, then adding enough liquid to make the material capable of molding under pressure and efiectually set the cement,- forming the mixture into articles of desired shape and then steam-infiltrating the same.

8. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steaui-indurating the same, saturating them with water, and then subjecting them to the action of steam under pressure.

9. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing dry sand and dry hy-- draulic cement in a finely-pulverized state, moistening the mixture with water, forming it into articles of desired shape, subjecting the same to steam under pressure, submerging them with water, removing the water, and then subjecting them to the action of steam under pressure.

10. The process of'making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, hydraulic cement, and a solution of a binding agent, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same and then saturating them with water.

11. The process of' making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, hydraulic cement, slaked lime and acidulated water, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, and then saturating them with water.

12. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, then moistening with a solution of a binding agent, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, and steam-indurating the same.

13. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, moistening with asuitable liquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, applying water to them, and then completing the steam induration.

14. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, moistening with asuitableliquid, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partially steam-iudurating the same, saturating them with water, and then completing the steam induration.

15. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, slaked lime, hydraulic cement, and an alkali salt, then adding water to moisten the mixture, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, and then steam-indurating the same.

16. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, hydraulic cement and an alkaline silicate, moistening with water, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, and then steam-indurating the same.

17. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredicuts, adding enough moisture to make the COMPOSITIONS, COATING 0R PLASTIC particles of the ingredients adhere, forming the mixture into articles of desired shape, partiallysteam-indurating the same,and then applying water further to increase the hardness of the articles.

18. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing the constituent ingredients, adding a liquid, forming into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, saturating them with an induratmg liquid, removing the liquid and then cornpleting the steam induration.

19. The process of making artificial stone which consists in mixing the constituent ingredients, adding a liquid, forming into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, covering them with an indurating liquid, removing the liquid and then completing the steam indu'ration.

20. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, moistening with a suitable liquid, formving the material into-articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, applynnnss mm ing an indurating liquid and then completing the steam induration'.

21. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand and hydraulic cement, moistening with a suitable liquid, forming the material into articles of desired shape, partially steam-indurating the same, covering them with an indurating liquid and then completing the steam induration.

22. The process of making artificial stone consisting in mixing sand, lime, hydraulic cement and an additional binding agent, moistening the mixture, forming the material into articles of desired shape, and then steamiudnrating'the same. i

In testimony-whereof we have signed our names to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 1st day of November, 1902.

' JOSHUA A. BELL.

LYNN T. LEET. Witnesses:

B. F. KEINARD, JOHN H. GALLAGHER.

Examine] 

